Supplement: Fridley, J.D. Downscaling climate over complex terrain: high fine-scale (<1000 m) spatial variation of near-ground temperatures in a montane forested landscape (Great Smoky Mountains, USA).

Contents:

Supplement A: Multi-level model formulation of minimum and maximum daily temperatures

Supplement B: Supplemental figures

Supplement C: Google Earth files of temperature summary maps for GSMNP

Supplement A: Multi-level model formulation of minimum and maximum daily temperatures

SupplementA.doc [MSWord document]

Supplement B: Supplemental figures

Figure S1. Within-transect modelling of minimum daily temperature averaged over February 2006 as a function of (log-transformed) stream distance (STRDST); for details see Figure 5 in main document.

Figure S2. Within-transect modelling of minimum daily temperature averaged over July 2005 and 2006 as a function of topographic convergence index (TCI), expressed as residuals from a mixed-effect model including both elevation and STRDST and fit separately among transects.  Lines are least-squared regressions for transects exhibiting significant (P<0.05) relationships between residuals and TCI.

Figure S3. Within-transect modelling of maximum daily temperature averaged over July 2005 and 2006 as a function of STRDST, expressed as residuals from a mixed-effect model including both elevation and TOTRAD and fit separately among transects.  Lines are least-squared regressions for transects exhibiting significant (P<0.05) relationships between residuals and STRDST.

Figure S4.  Park-wide distribution of average daily minimum and maximum temperatures for January and July 2006, respectively, modelled over all 30 m pixels based on coefficients in Table 2.  Minimum temperatures range from -3 (blue) to 9 °C (red), maximum temperatures from 13 to 28 °C.  Perspective looks due north with a 3-fold vertical exaggeration.

Figure S5. Examples of fine-scale spatial structure of minimum and maximum temperature maps shown in Fig. S4. A) Maximum July temperature from a location looking southeast over Sugarland Mountain with Mt. LeConte at upper left.  View highlights the extreme fine-scale variance of day-time temperatures caused by radiation differences.  B) Minimum January temperature from a location looking south from Elkmont across the Little River to Clingmans Dome, with streams coverage.  View highlights warmer streamside locations in winter.  Images created in Google Earth using temperature map overlays.  Colors correspond to temperatures in Fig. S4.

Supplement C: Google Earth files of temperature summary maps for GSMNP

            Zipped KMZ files of temperature summary maps are of 30 m rendered resolution for GSMNP and can be opened directly in the freeware version of Google Earth (http://earth.google.com).  Eight files are provided and others (including min and max temperatures for specific days and months) can be requested from the author (fridley@syr.edu).  Table S1 describes map files. Note these are downloaded as compressed (.zip) files; extract to open in GE.

Table S1. Google Earth temperature summary maps.